Protein adsorption onto auto-assembled polyelectrolyte films

Surface modification by deposition of ordered protein systems constitutes one of the major objectives of bio-related chemistry and biotechnology. In this respect a concept has recently been reported aimed at fabricating multilayers by the consecutive adsorption of positively and negatively charged polyelectrolytes. We investigate the adsorption processes between polyelectrolyte multilayers and a series of positively and negatively charged proteins. The film buildup and adsorption experiments were followed by Scanning Angle Reflectometry (SAR). We find that proteins strongly interact with the polyelectrolyte film whatever the sign of the charge of both the multilayer and the protein. When charges of the multilayer and the protein are similar, one usually observes the formation of protein monolayers, which can become dense. We also show that when the protein and the multilayer become oppositely charged, the adsorbed amounts are usually larger and the formation of thick protein layers extending up to several times the largest dimension of the protein can be observed. Our results confirm that electrostatic interactions dominate protein/polyelectrolyte multilayer interactions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.