期刊
CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 11, 期 4, 页码 119-123出版社
BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00182
关键词
self; bias; self-affirmation; attitude change; health risk
Why do people resist evidence that challenges the validity of long-held beliefs? And why do they persist mal-adaptive behavior even when persuasive information or personal experience recommends change? We argue that such defensive tendencies are driven, in large part, by a fundamental motivation to protect the perceived worth and integrity of the self. Studies of social-political debate, health-risk assessment, and responses to team victory or defeat have shown that people respond to information in a less defensive and more open-minded manner when their self-worth is buttressed by an affirmation of an alternative source of identity. Self-affirmed individuals are more likely to accept information that they would otherwise view as threatening, and subsequently to change their beliefs and even their behavior in a desirable fashion. Defensive biases have an adaptive function for maintaining self-worth, but maladaptive consequences for promoting change and reducing social conflict.
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