A liquid-liquid microextraction system for Pb and Cd enrichment and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

A method for determination of lead and cadmium in aqueous samples using solvent microextraction and dithizone as complexing agent with FAAS was developed. Solvent microextraction parameters were optimized. The effect of foreign ions on the extraction yields was studied. The extraction was carried out until the aqueous to organic phase ratio achieved a 250 fold preconcentration of metals. For preconcentration times of 4 min the 3sigma detection limits, relative standard deviations (n=7) and linear calibration ranges were 1.6 mug L-1, 5.8% and 10.0 - 80.0 mug L-1 for lead and 11.1 ng L-1, 5.9% and 0.3 - 3.0 mug L-1 for cadmium, respectively. The solvent microextraction procedure presented here was applied to the determination of lead and cadmium in natural waters.