Expression of the narrow leaflet gene for yield and agronomic traits in soybean

Genes that affect plant form and function may be used to enhance the yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Most soybean cultivars have broad (ovate) leaflets. A single gene, In, controls inheritance for the narrow leaflet characteristic. Narrow leaflet cultivars (In/In) also tend to have a higher percentage of four-seeded pods than ovate (Ln/Ln) leaflet cultivars. Heterozygous (Ln/ln) plants have a leaflet shape intermediate between narrow and ovate. Determining the agronomic effects of the narrow leaflet allele (In) in the heterozygous (Ln/In) condition in soybean may have applications in practical plant breeding. We studied an ovate leaflet and a narrow leaflet cultivar, crosses between them in the F-1 and F-2, and backcrosses to both cultivars. The ratio of leaflet width to leaflet length accurately distinguished among narrow, ovate, and intermediate leaflet plants in the F-2 and backcross generations. In the F-2 generation, differences occurred among plants with different leaflet morphology. Narrow leaflet plants produced more seeds per pod and lower seed weight than ovate leaflet plants. Narrow and ovate leaflet plants produced comparable numbers of pods per plant and plant yield. Compared to ovate leaflet plants, intermediate leaflet plants produced similar numbers of seeds per pod and seed weight. Intermediate leaflet plants produced significantly more pods per plant and plant yield than plants with either ovate or narrow leaflets. The heterozygous condition at the locus for leaflet morphology resulted in heterosis for plant yield and may be of benefit in association with commercialization and development of hybrid soybean.