期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
卷 753, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/753/1/8
关键词
galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Local Group; M31
资金
- National Junior Research Fellowship
- Hi Seoul Science Fellowship from Seoul Scholarship Foundation
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0021558]
- KAKENHI [21540247]
- W.M. Keck Foundation
- Subaru Telescope
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2010-0021558] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1009882, 1010039] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21540247] Funding Source: KAKEN
We determine the velocity vector of M31 with respect to the Milky Way and use this to constrain the mass of the Local Group, based on Hubble Space Telescope proper-motion measurements of three fields presented in Paper I. We construct N-body models for M31 to correct the measurements for the contributions from stellar motions internal to M31. This yields an unbiased estimate for the M31 center-of-mass motion. We also estimate the center-of-mass motion independently, using the kinematics of satellite galaxies of M31 and the Local Group, following previous work but with an expanded satellite sample. All estimates are mutually consistent, and imply a weighted average M31 heliocentric transverse velocity of (nu(W), nu(N)) = (-125.2 +/- 30.8,-73.8 +/- 28.4) kms(-1). We correct for the reflex motion of the Sun using the most recent insights into the solar motion within the Milky Way, which imply a larger azimuthal velocity than previously believed. This implies a radial velocity of M31 with respect to the Milky Way of V-rad,V-M31 = -109.3 +/- 4.4 km s(-1), and a tangential velocity V-tan,V-M31 = 17.0 km s(-1), with 1 sigma confidence region V-tan,V-M31 <= 34.3 km s(-1). Hence, the velocity vector of M31 is statistically consistent with a radial (head-on collision) orbit towards the Milky Way. We revise prior estimates for the Local Group timing mass, including corrections for cosmic bias and scatter, and obtain M-LG M-MW,M-vir+M-M31,M-vir=(4.93 +/- 1.63)x10(12) M-circle dot. Summing known estimates for the individual masses of M31 and the Milky Way obtained from other dynamical methods yields smaller uncertainties. Bayesian combination of the different estimates demonstrates that the timing argument has too much (cosmic) scatter to help much in reducing uncertainties on the Local Group mass, but its inclusion does tend to increase other estimates by similar to 10%. We derive a final estimate for the Local Group mass from literature and new considerations of M-LG = (3.17 +/- 0.57)x10(12) M-circle dot. The velocity and mass results imply at 95% confidence that M33 is bound to M31, consistent with expectation from observed tidal deformations.
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