Near-infrared absorption and scattering separated by extended inverted signal correction (EISC): Analysis of near-infrared transmittance spectra of single wheat seeds

A new extended method for separating, e.g., scattering from absorbance in spectroscopic measurements, extended inverted signal correction (EISC), is presented and compared to multiplicative signal correction (MSC) and existing modifications of this. EISC preprocessing is applied to near-infrared transmittance (NIT) spectra of single wheat kernels with the aim of improving the multivariate calibration for protein content by partial least-squares regression (PLSR). The primary justification of the EISC method is to facilitate removal of spectral artifacts and interferences that are uncorrelated to target analyte concentration. In this study, EISC is applied in a general form, including additive terms, multiplicative terms, wavelength dependency of the light scatter coefficient, and simple polynomial terms. It is compared to conventional MSC and derivative methods for spectral preprocessing. Performance of the EISC was found to be comparable to a more complex dual-transformation model obtained by first calculating the second derivative NIT spectra followed by MSC. The calibration model based on EISC preprocessing performed better than models based on the raw data, second derivatives, MSC, and MSC followed by second derivatives.