期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
卷 50, 期 9, 页码 2166-2175出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2002.802331
关键词
automotive radars; imaging systems; millimeter waves; planar antennas; spherical lens; tapered slot antenna; wide scan angle
A new approach to wide scan-angle antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies is introduced with special focus on ease of manufacturing and reliability. The system is composed of planar feed antennas (tapered-slot antennas), which are positioned around a homogeneous spherical Teflon lens. Beam scanning can be achieved by switching between the antenna elements. The spherical-lens system is analyzed through a combined ray-optics/diffraction method. It is found that a maximum efficiency of 50%-55% can be achieved using Teflon, Rexolite, or quartz lenses. The efficiency includes taper, spillover, and reflection loss. Calculations also indicate that the maximum lens diameter is 30-40 lambda(0), which results in a maximum directivity of 39.5-42 dB. Measurements done on a single-element feed and a 5-cm Teflon lens agree very well with theory and result in a 3-dB beamwidth of 5.5degrees and better than -20-dB sidelobe levels at 77 GHz. Absolute gain measurements show a system efficiency of 46%-48% (including dielectric loss). A 23- and 33-element antenna array with a scan angle of +/-90degrees and a -3.5- and -6-dB crossover, respectively, in the far-field patterns was also demonstrated. The 23-element array resulted in virtually no gain loss over the entire 90degrees scan angle. This represents, to our knowledge, the first wide scan-angle antenna at millimeter-wave frequencies.
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