SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE GROWTH IN STARBURST GALAXIES OVER COSMIC TIME: CONSTRAINTS FROM THE DEEPEST CHANDRA FIELDS

We present an analysis of deep multiwavelength data for z approximate to 0.3-3 starburst galaxies selected by their 70 mu m emission in the Extended-Chandra Deep Field-South and Extended Groth Strip. We identify active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in these infrared sources through their X-ray emission and quantify the fraction that host an AGN. We find that the fraction depends strongly on both the mid-infrared color and rest-frame mid-infrared luminosity of the source, rising to similar to 50%-70% at the warmest colors (F-24 (mu m)/F-70 (mu m) less than or similar to 0.2) and highest mid-infrared luminosities (corresponding to ultraluminous infrared galaxies), similar to the trends found locally. Additionally, we find that the AGN fraction depends strongly on the star formation rate (SFR) of the host galaxy (inferred from the observed-frame 70 mu m luminosity after subtracting the estimated AGN contribution), particularly for more luminous AGNs (L0.5-8.0keV greater than or similar to 10(43) erg s(-1)). At the highest SFRs (similar to 1000 M-circle dot yr(-1)), the fraction of galaxies with an X-ray detected AGN rises to approximate to 30%, roughly consistent with that found in high-redshift submillimeter galaxies. Assuming that the AGN fraction is driven by the SFR (rather than stellar mass or redshift, for which our sample is largely degenerate), this result implies that the duty cycle of luminous AGN activity increases with the SFR of the host galaxy: specifically, we find that luminous X-ray detected AGNs are at least similar to 5-10 times more common in systems with high SFRs (greater than or similar to 300 M-circle dot yr(-1)) than in systems with lower SFRs (less than or similar to 30 M-circle dot yr(-1)). Lastly, we investigate the ratio between the supermassive black hole accretion rate (inferred from the AGN X-ray luminosity) and the bulge growth rate of the host galaxy (approximated as the SFR) and find that, for sources with detected AGNs and star formation (and neglecting systems with low star formation rates to which our data are insensitive), this ratio in distant starbursts agrees well with that expected from the local scaling relation assuming the black holes and bulges grew at the same epoch. These results imply that black holes and bulges grow together during periods of vigorous star formation and AGN activity.