期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
卷 719, 期 2, 页码 1672-1692出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/719/2/1672
关键词
cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of universe; quasars: general; surveys
资金
- NASA [01172.01-A]
- NSF [AST-0702879, AST-0707266, AST-0607634, AST-0407448, AST-0808161]
- Ajax Foundation
- Packard Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- American Museum of Natural History
- Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
- University of Basel
- University of Cambridge
- Case Western Reserve University
- University of Chicago
- Drexel University
- Fermilab
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Japan Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Korean Scientist Group
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA)
- New Mexico State University
- Ohio State University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- United States Naval Observatory
- University of Washington
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Japanese Monbukagakusho
- Max Planck Society
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- W.M. Keck Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0808161] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [909182] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [0808161] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The clustering of quasars on small scales yields fundamental constraints on models of quasar evolution and the buildup of supermassive black holes. This paper describes the first systematic survey to discover high-redshift binary quasars. Using color-selection and photometric redshift techniques, we searched 8142 deg(2) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data for binary quasar candidates, and confirmed them with follow-up spectroscopy. Our sample of 27 high-redshift binaries (24 of them new discoveries) at redshifts 2.9 < z < 4.3 with proper transverse separations 10 kpc < R-perpendicular to < 650 kpc increases the number of such objects known by an order of magnitude. Eight members of this sample are very close pairs with R-perpendicular to < 100 kpc, and of these close systems four are at z > 3.5. The completeness and efficiency of our well-defined selection algorithm are quantified using simulated photometry and we find that our sample is similar to 50% complete. Our companion paper uses this knowledge to make the first measurement of the small-scale clustering (R < 1 h(-1) Mpc comoving) of high-redshift quasars. High-redshift binaries constitute exponentially rare coincidences of two extreme (M greater than or similar to 10(9) M-circle dot) supermassive black holes. At z similar to 4, there is about one close binary per 10 Gpc(3), thus these could be the highest sigma peaks, the analogs of superclusters, in the early universe.
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