Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes

Purpose: To assess the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aqueous humor in eyes with and without glaucoma. Methods: Concentrations of VEGF were measured using a sandwich ELISA kit in aqueous humor aspirates taken during anterior segment surgery from 87 patients, of whom 54 had glaucoma (27 primary open-angle glaucoma, 8 angle-closure glaucoma, 16 exfoliative glaucoma) and 33 had cataract only. Results: Vascular endothelial growth factor was detected in all samples. The concentration in eyes with cataract only without glaucoma was 102.4 +/- 29.7 pg/mL (mean SD), which was significantly lower than that from eyes with glaucoma (146.7 +/- 51.8 pg/mL). There were no significant differences between primary open-angle glaucoma (140.4 +/- 51.0 pg/mL), angle-closure glaucoma (142.8 +/- 40.2 pg/mL), and exfoliative glaucoma (158.6 +/- 58.9 pg/mL). An unusually high VEGF concentration was detected in one eye with neovascular glaucoma (759 pg/mL) and two eyes with uveitic glaucoma (322 pg/mL). No effect of age, gender, or previous history of medical, laser, or surgical treatment of the aqueous humor VEGF concentration could be detected (P > 0.05). Aqueous humor and plasma VEGF concentrations were measured and compared in 46 patients. The aqueous humor VEGF concentration (144.2 +/- 107.9 pg/mL) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the plasma concentration (79.2 +/- 46.1 pg/mL). No significant correlation was found between aqueous humor and plasma VEGF concentrations. Conclusion: Aqueous VEGF concentration is increased in eyes with glaucoma.