ADVECTION/DIFFUSION OF LARGE-SCALE B FIELD IN ACCRETION DISKS

Activity of the nuclei of galaxies and stellar mass systems involving disk accretion to black holes is thought to be due to ( 1) a small-scale turbulent magnetic field in the disk ( due to the magnetorotational instability, MRI), which gives a large viscosity enhancing accretion, and ( 2) a large-scale magnetic field, which gives rise to matter outflows and/or electromagnetic jets from the disk which also enhances accretion. An important problem with this picture is that the enhanced viscosity is accompanied by an enhanced magnetic diffusivity, which acts to prevent the buildup of a significant large-scale field. Recent work has pointed out that the disk's surface layers are nonturbulent, and thus highly conducting ( or nondiffusive) because the MRI is suppressed high in the disk where the magnetic and radiation pressures are larger than the thermal pressure. Here, we calculate the vertical ( z) profiles of the stationary accretion flows ( with radial and azimuthal components) and the profiles of the large-scale magnetic field, taking into account the turbulent viscosity and diffusivity due to the MRI and the fact that the turbulence vanishes at the surface of the disk. We derive a sixth-order differential equation for the radial flow velocity v(r) ( z), which depends mainly on the midplane thermal to magnetic pressure ratio beta > 1 and the Prandtl number of the turbulence P = viscosity/diffusivity. Boundary conditions at the disk surface take into account a possible magnetic wind or jet and allow for a surface current in the highly conducting surface layer. The stationary solutions we find indicate that a weak ( beta > 1) large-scale field does not diffuse away as suggested by earlier work. For a wide range of parameters beta > 1 and P >= 1, we find stationary channel-type flows where the flow is radially outward near the midplane of the disk and radially inward in the top and bottom parts of the disk. Channel flows with inward flow near the midplane and outflow in the top and bottom parts of the disk are also found. We find that Prandtl numbers larger than a critical value ( estimated to be 2.7) are needed in order for there to be magnetocentrifugal outflows from the disk's surface. For smaller P, electromagnetic outflows are predicted.