Molecular characterization and expression analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs from potato under abiotic and biotic stresses

In this work, we report cloning of two full-length 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) cDNAs (ACO1 and ACO2) from potato (Solanum tuberosum) and their expression in potato tissues. The sequence data indicate that the two cDNAs share a high degree of homology with each other, and with known ACO genes from other plant species, including monocots and dicots. However, these potato genes lack homology at the 5' and 3' ends, despite similarities in their open reading frames and encoded amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis places them in two subfamilies of ACOs. The genes are tissue specific: expression is high in leaves and low in roots and tubers. In sprouts and tubers, ACO1 is induced by heat (40degreesC) and cold (0degreesC) stresses, whereas ACO(2) is induced only by cold (0degreesC). ACO1 is markedly induced in leaves by wounding, soil-flooding, and exogenous application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In contrast, ACO2 induction is lower under these treatments. ACO1 and ACO2 are regulated very differently in potato leaves with respect to senescence. ACO2 expression is unaffected by senescence, whereas that of ACO1 is closely related to the age and senescence in both attached and detached leaves. Exogenous ACC not only induces ACO1, but also accelerates leaf senescence. ACO1 transcripts are induced significantly in leaves, stems, and tubers in the Potato virus A (PVA)-resistant potato cultivar Shepody when graft inoculated with PVA.