期刊
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
卷 92, 期 8, 页码 4354-4360出版社
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.1509103
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We have investigated ZnO epilayers grown under various Zn/O ratios by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The growth conditions are elucidated by a relationship between growth rate and Zn/O ratios. Surface phase diagrams are obtained by investigation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Hexagonal-shaped two-dimensional islands with atomic steps measured by atomic force microscopy are observed on ZnO layers grown under oxygen-rich and stoichiometric flux conditions. On the other hand, ZnO layers grown under Zn-rich conditions exhibit hexagonal pits. The x-ray rocking curve of ZnO samples grown under an oxygen-rich condition is broader than that of ZnO samples grown under stoichiometric or Zn-rich flux conditions, implying a reduction in threading dislocation density. Photoluminescence spectra reveal the strongest intensity from ZnO layers grown under stoichiometric flux conditions, compared with those grown under Zn- and oxygen-rich conditions. The relation between linewidth of the x-ray rocking curve and intensity of photoluminescence suggests that threading dislocations act as nonradiative centers. In conclusion, the Zn/O flux ratio during growth has a strong influence on the quality of ZnO epilayer surfaces, crystal structures, and optical properties. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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