Correlation of presentation and pathologic condition in primary ciliary dyskinesia

Objectives: To better characterize primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and improve the diagnosis of this uncommon disorder. Study Design and Setting: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 118 patients with ciliary biopsy or brushing specimens examined at Yale University School of Medicine from 1991 to 2001. Results: Sinonasal, middle ear, and pulmonary infections were more common in patients with PCD-positive biopsy results than in those with negative results. In addition, PCD caused by random ciliary orientation presented similarly to PCD caused by other ultrastructural defects. Conclusions: Patients who present with cough alone are highly unlikely to have PCD (chi(2) test, 24.85; P<.001). In contrast, patients who present with multiple manifestations are highly likely to have PCD (chi(2) test, 22.2; P<001). This information may assist the clinician in the diagnosis of PCD.