期刊
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
卷 33, 期 2, 页码 108-129出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.12.005
关键词
Cosmic rays; Extensive air showers; Air fluorescence method; Atmosphere; Aerosols; Lidar; Bi-static lidar
资金
- Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica
- Fundacion Antorchas
- Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza
- Municipalidad de Malargue
- NDM Holdings
- Valle Las Lenas
- Australian Research Council
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil [AVCR AV0Z10100502, AVCR AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, MSMT-CR LC527, MSMT-CR 1M06002, MSM0021620859]
- STFC [PP/E007007/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/E007007/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0838088, 969400] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0855300] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perforin calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by Cosmic rays of above 10(18) eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group Of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, ail area exceeding 3000 km(2). The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements oil air shower reconstructions. Between 10(18) and 10(20) eV, the systematic Uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm(-2) to 8 g cm(-2) in measurements of the shower maximum. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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