Radiosurgical treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas: Experience with 122 treated patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery, in terms of neurological improvement and tumor growth control (TGC), for a large series of patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas. METHODS: Between February 1993 and January 2002, 156 patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas (35 male and 121 female patients; mean age, 56.1 yr) were treated with GK : radiosurgery in our department. GK radiosurgery was used as a first-choice treatment for 75 of 156 patients and as postoperative adjuvant therapy for 81 of 156 patients (all with Grade 1 meningiomas). Eligibility criteria for radiosurgery were as follows: symptomatic meningiomas and/or documented tumor progression on magnetic resonance imaging 1 scans, conditions of high operative risk, patient refusal of microsurgery, or reoperation, tumor volume of <20 cm(3), and location no less than 2 mm from the optic pathways. RESULTS: Follow-up data for at least 12 months were available for 122 patients (median follow-up period, 48.9 mo): Clinical conditions were improved or stable, for 118 of 122 patients (97%). Neurological recovery was observed for 78:5% of patients treated with GK radiosurgery alone and for 60.5% of patients treated with adjuvant,; therapy (P < 0.05). Adequate TGC was documented for 119 of 122 tumors (97.5%), 33 with shrinkage/disappearance in 75 of 122 cases (61.5%) and no variation in volume in 44 of 122 cases (36%); the overall actuarial progression-free survival rate at 5 years ! was 96.5%. Tumor size regression was observed for 80% of patients with follow-up periods of more than 30 months, compared with 43.5% of patients with follow-up periods of less than 30 months (P < 0.0002). Radiosurgical sequelae were transient in 4 of 122 cases (3.0%) and permanent in 1 case (71%). CONCLUSION: For the follow-up periods in our series (median, >4 yr), GK radio-surgery seems to be both safe (permanent morbidity rate, 1%) and effective (97% neurological improvement/stability, 97.5% overall TGC, and 96.5% actuarial TGC at. 5 yr). GK radiosurgery might be considered a first-choice treatment for selected patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas.