Review of advanced sample preparation methods for the determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products in solid environmental matrices

The widespread use and questionable environmental acceptability of non-ionic surfactants make the alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and their neutral and acidic degradation products a focus of interest in environmental analytical chemistry. An overview of sample preparation methods used for the determination of alkylphenolic compounds in solid environmental samples is presented. Specific issues related to sample preparation, such as sample collection, preservation, advanced extraction and clean up techniques, are discussed. Levels found in sediment, sewage sludge and biota are reviewed briefly.