期刊
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 540, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116674
关键词
X-rays: galaxies: clusters; galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: high-redshift
资金
- DFG through EXC [153]
- DFG [Schw 536/24-1, Schw 536/24-2, BO 702/16-3, SPP 1177]
- DLR [50 OR 0405, 50 QR 0802]
- FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica
- International Max-Plank Research School on Astrophysics at the Ludwig-Maximilians University
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- US Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Japanese Monbukagakusho
- Max Planck Society
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- American Museum of Natural History
- Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
- University of Basel
- University of Cambridge
- Case Western Reserve University
- University of Chicago
- Drexel University
- Fermilab
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Japan Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Korean Scientist Group
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA)
- New Mexico State University
- Ohio State University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- United States Naval Observatory
- University of Washington
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/J001538/1, ST/J00541X/1, ST/H004165/1, ST/H00243X/1, PP/C002229/1, ST/H004157/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [PP/C002229/1, ST/H004157/1, ST/J001538/1, ST/J00541X/1, ST/H004165/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Context. The XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project is a serendipitous survey for clusters of galaxies at redshifts z >= 0.8 based on deep archival XMM-Newton observations. X-ray sources identified as extended are screened against existing optical all-sky surveys for galaxies, in case of candidate high-z clusters followed up with imaging at 4 m-class telescopes and, ultimately, multi-object spectroscopy at 8 m-class telescopes. Low-significance candidate high-z clusters are followed up with the seven-channel imager GROND (Gamma-Ray Burst Optical and Near-Infrared Detector) that is mounted at a 2 m-class telescope. Its unique capability of simultaneous imaging in the g', r', i', z', J, H, Ks bands enables the use of the photometric redshift technique. Aims. Observing strategy, data reduction and analysis, depth and accuracy of the simultaneous multi-wavelength photometry are discussed with the goal of establishing GROND as a useful instrument to confirm X-ray selected (high-z) clusters. Methods. The test case is XMMUJ0338.7+0030, suggested to be at z similar to 1.45 +/- 0.15 (1 sigma) from the analysis of the z - H vs. H colour-magnitude diagram obtained from the follow-up imaging. Later VLT-FORS2 spectroscopy enabled us to identify four members, which set this cluster at z = 1.097 +/- 0.002 (1 sigma). To reach a better knowledge of its galaxy population, we observed XMMUJ0338.7+0030 with GROND for about 6 h. The publicly available photo-z code le Phare was used. Results. The Ks-band number counts of the non-stellar sources out of the 832 detected down to z' similar to 26 AB mag (1 sigma) in the 3.9x4.3 arcmin(2) region of XMMUJ0338.7+0030 imaged at all GROND bands clearly exceed those computed in deep fields/survey areas at similar to 20.5-22.5 AB mag. The photo-z's of the three imaged spectroscopic members yield z = 1.12+/-0.09 (1 sigma). The spatial distribution and the properties of the GROND sources with a photo-z in the range 1.01-1.23 confirm the correspondence of the X-ray source with a galaxy over-density at a significance of at least 4.3 sigma. Candidate members that are spectro-photometrically classified as elliptical galaxies define a red locus in the i'-z' vs. z' colour-magnitude diagram that is consistent with the red sequence of the cluster RDCS J0910+5422 at z = 1.106. XMMUJ0338.7+0030 hosts also a population of bluer late-type spirals and irregulars. The starbursts among the photometric members populate both loci, consistently with previous results. Conclusions. The analysis of the available data set indicates that XMMUJ0338.7+0030 is a low-mass cluster (M-200 similar to 10(14) M-circle dot) at z = 1.1. With the photometric accuracy yielded by the present unoptimized multi-band observations with GROND, we not only confirm the spectroscopic redshift of this cluster but also show that it hosts a galaxy population that can still undergo significant bursts of star-formation activity.
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