Novel functions of the polymeric Ig receptor:: well beyond transport of immunoglobulins

The polymeric Ig receptor (plgR) ensures efficient secretion of polymeric IgA (plgA) at mucosal surfaces. On basal to apical transport across epithelial cells, the pIgR extracellular domain is cleaved, releasing secretory component (SC) in association with plgA. This finds its raison d'etre in the recent observation that SC is directly involved in the protective function of secretory IgA. In addition, free SC exhibits scavenger properties with respect to enteric pathogens. However, although plgR dedicates its life to mucosal protection, it also seems to permit pathogen entrance through the epithelial barrier. The multiple mechanisms that they are involved in make pIgR and SC instrumental to mucosal immunity.