Genitourinary manifestations of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains a major public health hazard. This is attributable to the increasing pool of immune-compromised patients and large population migrations from underdeveloped countries. The primary target of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria is the pulmonary system. Dissemination to the genitourinary system may occur in approximately 20% of patients. Adrenal insufficiency, renal colic, hydronephrosis, chronic cystitis, scrotal masses and infertility can be manifestations of disseminated tuberculosis. Awareness and prompt recognition will enable the urologist to implement therapy and avoid disease progression with its significant morbidity and potential mortality.