期刊
HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
卷 9, 期 2, 页码 527-548出版社
CRC PRESS LLC
DOI: 10.1080/713609921
关键词
tiered assessment; probabilistic assessment; municipal wastewater effluent; ammonia
Ammonia is released in the environment by many industries and other human activities. The major quantifiable sources of ammonia released to aquatic ecosystems across Canada are municipal wastewater treatment plants, at an estimated total quantity of 62,000 tonnes per year. Given the sources of ammonia releases in the environment and the properties of the substance, terrestrial plants and aquatic organisms are potential risk targets. A tiered assessment approach has been used to determine the ecological risk in the aquatic environment from ammonia released in municipal wastewater effluents. The results obtained for two case studies with the probabilistic risk analysis used in the highest tier support the conclusion that the conditions encountered in these two locations can lead to ammonia concentrations capable of producing an adverse ecological impact.
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