期刊
JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
卷 22, 期 2, 页码 151-185出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6296(02)00126-1
关键词
innovation; R&D cost; pharmaceutical industry; discount rate; technical success rates
The research and development costs of 68 randomly selected new drugs were obtained from a survey of 10 pharmaceutical firms. These data were used to estimate the average pre-tax cost of new drug development. The costs of compounds abandoned during testing were linked to the costs of compounds that obtained marketing approval. The estimated average out-of-pocket cost per new drug is US$ 403 million (2000 dollars). Capitalizing out-of-pocket costs to the point of marketing approval at a real discount rate of 11 % yields a total pre-approval cost estimate of US$ 802 million (2000 dollars). When compared to the results of an earlier study with a similar methodology, total capitalized costs were shown to have increased at an annual rate of 7.4% above general price inflation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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