The effect of process time and temperature on the accumulation of polar compounds in cottonseed oil during deep-fat frying

The deterioration of oil during successive fryings of potato chips, especially the accumulation of polar compounds, was studied in the temperature range 155-195degreesC. The content of polar compounds increased linearly with process time. The analysis of individual polar compounds showed that the products of thermal and oxidative degradation dominated over the products of hydrolytic cleavage as frying proceeded. Dimeric triglycerides increased linearly with process time, while polymerised triglycerides increased exponentially. The rate constants of the degradation reactions increased slightly with temperature, following an Arrhenius-type equation. Oxidised triglycerides increased with frying time up to 6h, thereafter remaining constant or increasing further upon prolonged frying. The increase was greater at higher temperature. The products of hydrolytic cleavage were not significantly affected by temperature. Mono- and diglycerides increased initially to reach a plateau, while free fatty acids remained almost constant throughout frying. The thermo-oxidative alterations induced by heating the oil were also measured and compared with those observed during frying at the same temperature. Dimeric and polymerised triglycerides showed higher rates of increase during heating as compared with frying at the same temperature. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry.