期刊
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
卷 187, 期 5, 页码 736-740出版社
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/374272
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资金
- FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000007] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI 29168, P30 AI027757, P30 AI027757-12, R01 AI029168, R37 AI029168] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD 23412, R01 HD023412-19, R01 HD023412] Funding Source: Medline
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted through blood, genital secretions, and breast milk. The probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 per sex act is .0003-.0015, but little is known regarding the risk of transmission per breast-milk exposure. We evaluated the probability of breast-milk transmission of HIV-1 per liter of breast milk ingested and per day of breast-feeding in a study of children born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The probability of breast-milk transmission of HIV-1 was .00064 per liter ingested and .00028 per day of breast-feeding. Breast-milk infectivity was significantly higher for mothers with more-advanced disease, as measured by prenatal HIV-1 RNA plasma levels and CD4 cell counts. The probability of HIV-1 infection per liter of breast milk ingested by an infant is similar in magnitude to the probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 per unprotected sex act in adults.
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