Regeneration of whole plants from apical meristems of Pinus radiata

A methodology to regenerate whole plants of Pinus radiata from apical meristems of 3- and 7-year-old trees was developed. Meristematic domes with two or three leaf primordia were excised from surface-sterilized branch tips of field-grown plants and cultured in LP medium with half strength macronutrients (1/2 LP) and full strength micronutrients. The early growth of meristems required approximately 12 weeks, including a recovery stage during the first 2 weeks. After 8 weeks, some meristems developed abnormal phenotypes and died during the subsequent stages of development. However, healthy meristems elongated and formed shoots when they were transferred to LP medium supplemented with MS vitamins, 30 mg l(-1) casein hydrolysate, and 0.4 g l(-1) agar plus 2.85 g l(-1) Gelrite. Meristems that developed vigorous shoots were used for rooting experiments when they were 2 cm in length. Whole plants were obtained after 5 days of root induction in water-agar medium containing 8.2 muM IBA and 5.4 muM NAA and 1 month culture in LP medium with 10 g l(-1) sucrose. Plants regenerated from meristems were further propagated by rooting of cuttings. Of the rooted cuttings, 10% were morphologically juvenile.