期刊
SCIENCE & JUSTICE
卷 43, 期 2, 页码 77-90出版社
FORENSIC SCIENCE SOC
DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(03)71747-X
关键词
forensic science; context effects; observer effects; expectancy effects; experimenter effects; bias; evidence line-ups; blind testing
This article discusses the phenomenon of context effects by reviewing the findings and practices of a range of scientific fields, including astronomy, physics, biology, medicine. and especially the relevant research and theory from psychology. Context information, such as expectations about what one is supposed to see or conclude, has been found to have a small but relentless impact on human perception, judgment, and decision-making. The article then considers the vulnerability of forensic science practice to context effects, and concludes by suggesting that forensic science adopt practices familiar in other fields of scientific work. in particular blind or double-blind testing and also the use of evidence line-ups.
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