Coordinate regulation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells by the arp2/3 complex and rho GTPases

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can infect epithelial cells via the basolateral surface after breaching the intestinal epithelium, yet little is known about this process. Here, we show that actin polymerization driven by the Arp2/3 complex is critical to both basolateral and apical bacterial invasion of polarized MDCK cells. While there is also a dependence upon toxin B-sensitive Rho GTPases, none of the four GTPases known to be activated by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SopE are individually required for basolateral internalization. These results underscore that the specific factors required for Salmonella invasion differ between membrane domains of polarized epithelia.