A novel homozygous splice junction mutation in GPIIb associated with alternative splicing, nonsense-mediated decay of GPIIb-mRNA, and type II Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

This work reports the study of a patient suffering a bleeding disorder clinically diagnosed as Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT). Immunoblotting and flow cytometric analysis showed a low (less than or equal to 10% of control) platelet content of GPIIb-IIIa, confirming it was indeed a type II GrT. The molecular genetic analysis of the proband revealed the presence of a homozygous G188A transition in GPIIb. This mutation alters the consensus sequence of the splice donor site of intron I changing arginine 63 for lysine (R63K). No other mutation than [G188A]GPIIb was found in the proband and her parents after complete analysis of GPIIb and GPIIIa coding sequences, and the promoter, 3'-UTR, and intronic flanking regions of GPIIb. The GT phenotype of the proband is the result of a limited availability of GPIIb-mRNA. The etiopathogenic role of the [G188A]GPIIb mutation is supported by the following observations: (i) both parents, who are heterozygous for the [G188A]GPIIb mutation, show a marked decrease in the platelet content of GPIIb-mRNA; (ii) exontrap analysis demonstrated that the G188A mutation leads to a marked reduction in the steady-state level of GPIIb-mRNA. The reduced availability of platelet GPIIb-mRNA associated with the G188A mutation seems to be caused by either inefficient RNA splicing or a preferred utilization of alternative intronic donor sites that generate an in-frame STOP codon with the result of activation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, or both.