Hematopoietic stem cells contribute to the regeneration of renal tubules after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury) is a common cause of acute renal failure. Recovery from I/R injury requires renal tubular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been shown to be capable of differentiating into hepatocytes, cardiac myocytes, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells during tissue repair. The current study tested the hypothesis that murine HSC can contribute to the regeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells after I/R injury. HSC isolated from male Rosa26 mice that express beta-galactosidase constitutively were transplanted into female nontransgenic mice after unilateral renal I/R injury. Four weeks after HSC transplantation, beta-galactosidase-positive cells were detected in renal tubules of the recipients by X-Gal staining. PCR analysis of the male-specific Sry gene and Y chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of male-derived cells in the kidneys of female recipients. Antibody co-staining showed that beta-galactosidase was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules. This is the first report to show that HSC can differentiate into renal tubular cells after I/R injury. Because of their availability, HSC may be useful for cell replacement therapy of acute renal failure.