期刊
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
卷 32, 期 4, 页码 865-869出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.226852
关键词
cytokines; G proteins; immune system; immunosuppressive therapy; macrophages
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01GM66189]
- USAMRMC [09065004, W81XWH-10-1-1015]
- NIH/NIAAA
Following its release into the extracellular space in response to metabolic disturbances, the endogenous nucleoside adenosine exerts a range of immunomodulatory effects and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are among its major targets. Adenosine governs mononuclear phagocyte functions via 4 G-protein-coupled cell membrane receptors, which are denoted A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors. Adenosine promotes osteoclast differentiation via A(1) receptors and alters monocyte to dendritic cell differentiation through A(2B) receptors. Adenosine downregulates classical macrophage activation mainly through A(2A) receptors. In contrast A(2B) receptor activation upregulates alternative macrophage activation. Adenosine promotes angiogenesis, which is mediated by inducing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by mononuclear phagocytes through A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors. By regulating mononuclear phagocyte function adenosine dictates the course of inflammatory and vascular diseases and cancer. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:865-869.)
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