Phylogenetic relationships among yeasts of the 'Saccharomyces complex' determined from multigene sequence analyses

Species of Saccharomyces, Arxiozyma, Eremothecium, Hanseniaspora (anamorph Kloeckera), Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Pachy-tichospora, Saccharomycodes, Tctrapisispora, Torulaspora, and Zygosaccharomyces, as well as three related anamorphic species assigned to Candida (C castellii, C glabrata, C humilis), were phylogenetically analyzed from divergence in genes of the rDNA repeat (18S, 26S, ITS), single copy nuclear genes (translation elongation factor 1alpha, actin-1, RNA polymerase 11) and mitochondrially encoded genes (small-subunit rDNA, cytochrome oxidase 11). Single-gene phylogenies were congruent for well-supported terminal lineages but deeper branches were not well resolved. Analysis of combined gene sequences resolved the 75 species compared into 14 clades, many of which differ from currently circumscribed genera. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.