Mechanisms of tetraneedlelike ZnO whiskers reinforced forsterite/bioglass scaffolds

Tetraneedlelike ZnO whiskers (T-ZnOw) reinforced forsterite/bioglass scaffolds were achieved using selective laser sintering. The effects of T-ZnOw on the mechanical properties and on microstructure of the scaffolds were studied. The optimum compressive strength and fracture toughness were 59.17 +/- 2.07 MPa and 2.61 +/- 0.09 MPa m(1/2) respectively when T-ZnOw was 3 wt.%, which were about 155.26% and 141.08% that of the T-ZnOw free scaffold. The strengthening mechanisms were ascribed to the unique tetraneedlelike structure of T-ZnOw and the corresponding stress transfer. The toughening mechanisms were characterized by crack deflection, crack bridging, crack tip, T-ZnOw pull out and the change of fracture mode. In addition, cell culture test illustrated that T-ZnOw improved the adhesion and spread of MG-63 cells. The study indicated that the reinforced forsterite/bioglass scaffolds have a great potential for load-bearing applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.