期刊
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
卷 55, 期 3, 页码 359-370出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00082-9
关键词
pharmaceuticals; discharge from sewage treatment plant; ecotoxicity; risk assessment
In four countries (France, Greece, Italy, and Sweden) occurrence in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and ecotoxicity of the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac were investigated. Bioassays were performed on bacteria, algae, microcrustaceans, and fishes in order to calculate their predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) and to perform a first approach of risk characterization. For this aim, risk has been estimated by the predicted environmental concentration/PNEC ratio and the measured environmental concentration/PNEC ratio. First, regarding the PNEC, carbamazepine appears to be the more hazardous compound. Second, even though it is demonstrated that carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac have been detected in effluents, only carbamazepine have been detected in all sewage treatment plants with the greatest concentrations. Third, risk quotients greater than unity were calculated only for carbamazepine, suggesting that risk for the water compartment is expected. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
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