Clinical and radiographic features of lobar cerebral hemorrhage: Hypertensive versus non-hypertensive cases

Objectives The underlying cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is often difficult to determine, since these vascular abnormalities are not necessarily visualized in radiographic studies. We sought to determine the clinical features of hypertensive and nonhypertensive lobar ICH, and further predict the presence or absence of vascular abnormalities in terms of clinical features and radiographic abnormalities. Patients and Methods Eighty-one patients with lobar ICH were retrospectively assigned to either hypertensive or non-hypertensive groups based on their blood pressure levels during the chronic phase or a history of antihypertensive medication. The clinical and radiographic features of these two groups were compared. Results Forty-nine patients (60%) were hypertensive, and the other thirty-two (40%) were non-hypertensive. In the non-hypertensive group, amyloid angiopathy (n= 6), aneurysms (n=5), arteriovenous malformation (n=4), use of anticoagulants (n=2), liver cirrhosis (n=2) and thrombasthenia (n=1) were found as underlying causes. There were no significant differences between these two groups in the frequencies of stroke risk factors except for hypertension, clinical features and initial neurological findings. On the contrary, subarachnoid extension of the hematoma on CT was significantly more frequent in the non-hypertensive lobar ICH group than in the hypertensive group (p<0.001). The patients with subarachnoid extension were more likely to have vascular abnormality than those without subarachnoid extension (p<0.01). Conclusion Subarachnoid extension of the hematoma on CT strongly indicates a non-hypertensive cause, and more specifically, it suggests lobar ICH caused by vascular abnormalities.