Inhibiting caspase-9 after injury reduces hypoxic ischemic neuronal injury in the cortex in the newborn rat

A broad spectrum caspase inhibitor reduces hypoxic ischemic brain injury. We hypothesized that a specific caspase-9 inhibitor would provide similar protection. Seven-day-old rat pups had the right carotid artery ligated, then were subjected to 2.5 h of 8% oxygen. Caspase-9 activity in the right cortex was measured enzymatically. Caspase-9 activity was increased at 6, 12, and 24 h after injury. LEHD-CHO is a specific cell permeable caspase-9 inhibitor. LEHD-CHO given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into the brain after the hypoxic period eliminated the increase in caspase-9 activity. The greatest effect was at a dose of 50 mug/pup (1.6 mumol/kg). Fifty-two pups were randomly assigned to receive 50 mug/pup of i.c.v. LEHD-CHO or vehicle immediately after the hypoxic period. The loss of cortical neurons in the right hemisphere 22 days after injury was 52.0 +/- 8% in the vehicle treated animals, and 25 +/- 9% in the LEHD-CHO treated animals (P < 0.05). Inhibiting caspase-9 activity reduces loss of neurons after brain injury. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.