Regulation of vertebrate cellular Mg2+ Homeostasis by TRPM7

TRPM7 is a polypeptide with intrinsic ion channel and protein kinase domains whose targeted deletion causes cells to experience growth arrest within 24 hr and eventually die. Here, we show that while TRPM7's kinase domain is not essential for activation of its channel, a functional coupling exists such that structural alterations of the kinase domain alter the sensitivity of channel activation to Mg2+. Investigation of the relationship between Mg2+ and the cell biological role of TRPM7 revealed that TRPM7-deficient cells become Mg2+ deficient, that both the viability and proliferation of TRPM7-deficient cells are rescued by supplementation of extracellular Mg2+, and that the capacity of heterologously expressed TRPM7 mutants to complement TRPM7 deficiency correlates with their sensitivity to Mg2+. Overall, our results indicate that TRPM7 has a central role in Mg2+ homeostasis as a Mg2+ uptake pathway regulated through a functional coupling between its channel and kinase domains.