SPICE equivalent circuits of frequency-domain responses

The paper proposes a method for the synthesis of SPICE-compatible broad-band electrical models of frequency-domain responses approximated by rational functions. First- and second-order equivalent circuits with controlled sources are used as building blocks to generate equivalent circuit representations-totally compatible with commercial circuit solvers-of the frequency-dependent responses. Fundamental properties of the method are discussed and details of its implementation are described. The proposed approach has demonstrated to be suitable for providing equivalent circuits of interconnects, power/ground plane structures and PCB discontinuities.