期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 206, 期 16, 页码 2733-2738出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00478
关键词
dry adhesion; ultrastructure; scopula; claw tuft; seta; setule; safety factor; atomic force microscopy; scanning electron microscopy; spider; Evarcha arcuata
类别
The feet of the jumping spider Evarcha arcuata attach to rough substrates using tarsal claws. On smooth surfaces, however, attachment is achieved by means of a claw tuft, the scopula. All eight feet bear a tarsal scopula, which is equipped with setae, these again being covered by numerous setules. In E. arcuata, an estimated 624 000 setules, with a mean contact area of 1.7x10(5) nm(2), are present. The spider's entire contact area thus totals 1.06x10(11) nm(2). Adhesion to the substrate does not depend on the secretion of an adhesive fluid. Analysis via atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that a single setule can produce an adhesive force (Fa) of 38.12 nN perpendicular to a surface. Consequently, at a total Fa of 2.38x10(-2) N and a mean body mass of 15.1 mg, a safety factor (SF; F-a/F-m, where F. is weight) of 160 is achieved. Tenacity (tau(n); F-a/A, where A is area of contact) amounts to 2.24x10(5) N m(-2).
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