Key Characteristics of Low Back Pain and Disability in College-Aged Adults: A Pilot Study

Handrakis JP, Friel K, Hoeffner F, Akinkunle O, Genova V. Isakov E, Mathew J. Vitulli F. Key characteristics of low back pain and disability in college-aged adults: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:1217-24. Objective: To identify which factors commonly associated with low back pain (LBP) and disability differ between college-aged persons with LBP and with no or minimal LBP. Design: Clinical measurement, observational study. Subjects were assessed for LBP with the visual analog scale (VAS) and for disability from LBP using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Subjects were measured for variables commonly associated with LBP and were grouped by both VAS (minimum [min]/no pain, pain) and ODI (no disability, disability) scores. Setting: College campus at a university. Participants: A convenience sample (N=84) of English-speaking students (34 men, 50 women) between 18 and 30 years of age. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Sports activity (sports activity score of the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire), depression, hamstring and hip flexor range of motion, low back extensor endurance, abdominal strength and endurance. Results: A significant main effect of group was found for both pain (P=.019) and disability groups (P=.006). The min/no pain and pain groups differed in back endurance (114.2 +/- 38.8s vs 94.5 +/- 44.5s, respectively; P=.04). The no disability and disability groups differed in back endurance (116.3 +/- 35.9s vs 97.1 +/- 45.7s, respectively; P=.03) and the sports activity score of the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (2.98 +/-.95 vs 2.48 +/-.85, respectively; P=.01). Subjects with hyperkyphotic postures compared with the normative thoracic group had higher depression scores (49 vs 38.5, respectively; P=.03) and less hamstring flexibility (30.5 vs 49.9, respectively; P<.001). Conclusions: Back extensor endurance was consistently different between both the pain and disability groups. Addressing limited low back extensor endurance and low levels of physical activity in young adults may have clinical relevance for the prevention and treatment of LBP and disability.