The use of gas bubbling to enhance membrane processes

The introduction of gas/liquid two-phase flow has been shown to significantly enhance the performance of some membrane process applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of this technique. In particular, the review focuses on the use of gas bubbles and slugs in microfiltration and ultrafiltration with flow inside tubes and fibres, across flat sheets and outside fibres. Examples discussed are applications in biotechnology, bioseparations and water and wastewater treatment. Some practical issues and future trends are addressed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.