期刊
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
卷 135, 期 3, 页码 626-635出版社
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.001
关键词
Type 1 immunity; type 2 immunity; type 3 immunity; innate lymphoid cells; T(H)1; T(C)1; T(H)2; T(C)2; T(H)17/T(H)22; T(C)17/T(C)22
资金
- Italian Ministry of Health [RF-2010-2314610]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 633, SFB 650]
The immune system has tailored its effector functions to optimally respond to distinct species of microbes. Based on emerging knowledge on the different effector T-cell and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineages, it is clear that the innate and adaptive immune systems converge into 3 major kinds of cellmediated effector immunity, which we propose to categorize as type 1, type 2, and type 3. Type 1 immunity consists of T-bet(+) IFN-gamma-producing group 1 ILCs (ILC1 and natural killer cells), CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells (T(C)1), and CD4(+) T(H)1 cells, which protect against intracellular microbes through activation of mononuclear phagocytes. Type 2 immunity consists of GATA-3(+) ILC2s, T(C)2 cells, and T(H)2 cells producing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which induce mast cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation, as well as IgE antibody production, thus protecting against helminthes and venoms. Type 3 immunity is mediated by retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t(+) ILC3s, T(C)17 cells, and T(H)17 cells producing IL-17, IL-22, or both, which activate mononuclear phagocytes but also recruit neutrophils and induce epithelial antimicrobial responses, thus protecting against extracellular bacteria and fungi. On the other hand, type 1 and 3 immunity mediate autoimmune diseases, whereas type 2 responses can cause allergic diseases.
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