Emulsion catastrophic inversion from abnormal to normal morphology.: 3.: Conditions for triggering the dynamic inversion and application to industrial processes

The catastrophic emulsion inversion from abnormal to normal morphology is produced in different conditions, as far as the experimental protocol is concerned. Far from optimum formulation, the inversion is found to take place when the fraction of the dispersed phase, which may be a single phase or an inner emulsion of a multiple emulsion, reaches a critical packing value. Near optimum formulation, a so-called low-tension streaming-bicontinuity regime is found to happen instead of an emulsion morphology. The phenomenology is used to interpret the emulsification of viscous oil phases in industrial processes.