Are one or two dangerous? Clonidine and topical imidazolines exposure in toddlers

Clonidine and the imidazolines, commonly found in topical ophthalmic and nasal decongestants, are chemically related drugs that have been responsible for many pediatric poisonings. These medications can cause significant morbidity in small doses. A review of the available literature reveals that young children have exhibited severe signs and symptoms after ingesting as little as one to two clonidine tablets or 2.5 ml of a topical imidazoline product. Central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, and cardiovascular instability are the most common features of poisoning. Signs and symptoms develop rapidly, within 4-6 h. Care is supportive. Death is rare, but many poisoned patients require monitoring in an intensive care setting. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc.