期刊
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
卷 192, 期 9, 页码 715-728出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0599-z
关键词
Biofilm formation; Environmental conditions; Genetic factors; High-throughput experimentation; Vector-item pattern-mining algorithm; Acetate metabolism; Two-component signaling
类别
资金
- North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station
- National Science Foundation [HRD-0811239, EPS-0447679, IDM-0415190]
- Unites States Department of Agriculture-APHIS
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0952]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM066130]
Biofilms are communities of bacteria whose formation on surfaces requires a large portion of the bacteria's transcriptional network. To identify environmental conditions and transcriptional regulators that contribute to sensing these conditions, we used a high-throughput approach to monitor biofilm biomass produced by an isogenic set of Escherichia coli K-12 strains grown under combinations of environmental conditions. Of the environmental combinations, growth in tryptic soy broth at 37A degrees C supported the most biofilm production. To analyze the complex relationships between the diverse cell-surface organelles, transcriptional regulators, and metabolic enzymes represented by the tested mutant set, we used a novel vector-item pattern-mining algorithm. The algorithm related biofilm amounts to the functional annotations of each mutated protein. The pattern with the best statistical significance was the gene ontology 'pyruvate catabolic process,' which is associated with enzymes of acetate metabolism. Phenotype microarray experiments illustrated that carbon sources that are metabolized to acetyl-coenzyme A, acetyl phosphate, and acetate are particularly supportive of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural differences between mutants that lack acetate metabolism enzymes and their parent and confirmed the quantitative differences. We conclude that acetate metabolism functions as a metabolic sensor, transmitting changes in environmental conditions to biofilm biomass and structure.
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