Association of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone with externalizing behavior in adolescent boys and girls

Background: While an association between androgens and different types of aggression has been well documented in male offenders, the influence of androgens on extemalizing behavior in adolescents at risk for antisocial behavior has not been investigated so far. Methods: Plasma levels of the main androgen metabolites testosterone (T) and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in N = 87 fourteen-year-old (36 boys, 51 girls) from a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk. Externalizing behavior at age 8, 11 and 14 was assessed using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Results: Significant higher androgen levels (T, DHT) were found in male, but not in female adolescents with elevated scores of extemalizing behavior. Moreover, boys with persistent externalizing behavior exhibited the highest levels of plasma androgens. Conclusions: There is a link between T, DHT and externalizing behavior in male adolescents at risk for psychopathology. Due to the findings of highest androgen levels in boys with persistent externalizing behavior, a role of androgens in the development of disruptive or later antisocial disorders can be hypothesized. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.