Physics of the liquid-liquid critical point

Within the inherent structure thermodynamic formalism introduced by Stillinger and Weber [F. H. Stillinger and T. A. Weber, Phys. Rev. A 25, 978 (1982)], we address the basic question of the physics of the liquid-liquid transition and of density maxima observed in some complex liquids such as water by identifying, for the first time, the statistical properties of the potential energy landscape responsible for these anomalies. We also provide evidence of the connection between density anomalies and the liquid-liquid critical point. Within the simple (and physically transparent) model discussed, density anomalies do imply the existence of a liquid-liquid transition.