Highly efficient ionic liquid-mediated palladium complex catalyst system for the oxidative carbonylation of amines

A highly efficient catalyst system, palladium complex-ionic liquid, was developed for the carbonylation of amines to give carbarnate or urea. The desired products could be precipitated by adding water into the resulting mixture and the catalyst system could be reused with slight loss of catalytic activity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.