Higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in gypsies than in non-gypsies in Slovakia

Objective: Gypsies (or Roma) recently experienced a transition from a traditional to a Westernized lifestyle. Although mortality in this population is 4-fold higher compared with non-Gypsies, very limited information is available on their morbidity especially with regard to non-communicable diseases. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in Gypsies and non-Gypsies living in the same region of southern Slovakia. Materials and methods: We examined 156 Gypsies and 501 non-Gypsies who participated in a population survey. Age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates were computed for each of the following: T2DM, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, elevated albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Results: Age-sex standardized prevalence of T2DM was 30% (95% CI = 22-39) in Gypsies and 10% (8-13, P = 0.0001 for comparison of ethnic groups) in non-Gypsies. Corresponding prevalence of the other variables are: 65% (56-74) and 30% (26-34, P = 0.0001) for obesity, 69% (61-76) and 59% (5463, P = 0.04) for hypercholesterolemia, 66% (59-74) and 39% (35-43, P = 0.009) for hypertriglyceridemia, 49% (4256) and 43% (39-47, P = 0.1) for hypertension, 33% (26-50) and 8% (2-14, P = 0.002) for hyperinsulinemia, 16% (922) and 5% (3-7, P = 0.0001) for elevated ACR, 20% (12-27) and 4% (3-6, P = 0.0001) for metabolic syndrome and 35% (28-43) and 26% (22-29, P = 0.004) for cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Compared with non-Gypsies, Gypsies had a much higher prevalence of T2DM, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, which may contribute to their higher mortality. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.