期刊
PHYSICS LETTERS A
卷 318, 期 6, 页码 564-569出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.09.058
关键词
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The Gross-Pitaevskii equation assumes that all (identical) bosons of a condensate reside in a single one-particle function. Here, we raise the question whether it always provides the best mean-field ansatz for condensates, leading to the lowest mean-field ground state energy. To this end, we derive a mean-field approach allowing for bosons to reside in several different one-particle functions. The number of bosons in each of these functions is a variational parameter minimizing the energy. The energy and one-particle functions at these optimal numbers can be determined directly. A numerical example is presented demonstrating that the mean-field energy of trapped bosons can be below that provided by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Implications are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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