Water-based dye-sensitized solar cells:: Interfacial activation of TiO2 mesopores in contact with aqueous electrolyte for efficiency development

Surface activation of TiO2 mesopores in contact with aqueous electrolytes was conducted by hydrophilic conversion and reaction of chemical adsorbents. Water-based dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated as an environmentally benign device. The solar cell yielded high conversion efficiency up to 2.2%.